Analisis Penegakan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pelecehan Seksual dalam Perspektif Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan Undang-Undang tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual

Abstract

Abstrak

Tindak pelecehan seksual merupakan bentuk kekerasan yang semakin memperoleh perhatian serius dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Pengaturan mengenai pelecehan seksual sebelumnya hanya tersirat dalam beberapa pasal KUHP, seperti Pasal 281 tentang perbuatan cabul di muka umum dan Pasal 289–296 mengenai perbuatan cabul dengan kekerasan atau ancaman kekerasan. Namun, norma-norma tersebut dinilai belum mampu memberikan perlindungan komprehensif bagi korban. Lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual menjadi tonggak reformasi hukum, dengan memberikan definisi yang lebih luas, pengakuan terhadap berbagai bentuk pelecehan seksual, serta mekanisme perlindungan dan pemulihan korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaturan, pola penegakan hukum, serta efektivitas KUHP dan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dalam menangani kasus pelecehan seksual. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala, seperti minimnya pemahaman aparat penegak hukum, keterbatasan fasilitas pendampingan, dan budaya victim-blaming.

Kata Kunci: Pelecehan seksual; KUHP; UU TPKS; Penegakan hukum; Perlindungan korban.

Abstract

Sexual harassment is a form of violence that is increasingly receiving serious attention in the Indonesian legal system. Previously, provisions regarding sexual harassment were only implied in several articles of the Criminal Code, such as Article 281 concerning indecent acts in public and Articles 289–296 concerning indecent acts with violence or threats of violence. However, these norms were deemed inadequate to provide comprehensive protection for victims. The enactment of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence marked a milestone in legal reform, providing a broader definition, recognizing various forms of sexual harassment, and providing mechanisms for victim protection and recovery. This study aims to analyze the differences in regulations, law enforcement patterns, and the effectiveness of the Criminal Code and the Law on Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence in addressing sexual harassment cases. The method used is normative juridical research with a statutory and conceptual approach. Implementation still faces obstacles, such as limited understanding among law enforcement officials, limited assistance facilities, and a culture of victim-blaming.

Keywords: Sexual harassment; Criminal Code; Sexual Violence Law; Law enforcement; Victim protection.