Penerapan Diversi Melalui Pendekatan Restorative Justice Terhadap Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis konflik sinkronisasi normatif antara UU ITE sebagai lex generalis yang menetapkan sanksi retributif dengan UU SPPA sebagai lex specialis yang mengedepankan perlindungan anak, dalam konteks Anak Berhadapan dengan Hukum (ABH) pelaku delik siber. Secara normatif, diversi wajib dilaksanakan sebagai manifestasi restorative justice karena ancaman pidana di bawah tujuh tahun. Namun, implementasi diversi rentan terhadap kegagalan (non-consensus) karena kendala substantif unik pada kejahatan digital, meliputi anonimitas pelaku, kerugian non-materiil (rusaknya reputasi korban), serta hambatan jarak geografis. Ketika upaya diversi gagal, asas lex specialis UU SPPA tetap berlaku secara dominan sehingga mewajibkan hakim menerapkan batasan sanksi setengah dari maksimum pidana orang dewasa yang termuat dalam Pasal 81 ayat (2) UU SPPA dan memprioritaskan penjatuhan pidana tindakan (maatregel) melalui penemuan hukum (rechtsvinding). Hasil penelitian ini menekankan perlunya penyusunan pedoman teknis restorative justice berbasis ruang digital dan peningkatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum dalam tindak pidana siber yang dilakukan oleh anak untuk mengoptimalisasi diversi.

Kata Kunci: Diversi; Restorative Justice; Pencemaran Nama Baik; Perlindungan Anak; Kejahatan Siber.

Abstract

This study demonstrates the normative synchronization conflict between the ITE Law, as a general lex that stipulates retributive sanctions, and the SPPA Law, as a special lex that prioritizes child protection, in the context of Children in Conflict with the Law (ABH) who commit cyber crimes. Normatively, diversion must be implemented as a manifestation of restorative justice because the criminal threat is under seven years. However, the implementation of diversion is vulnerable to failure (non-consensus) due to substantive constraints unique to digital crimes, including the anonymity of the perpetrator, non- material losses (damage to the victim's reputation), and the obstacle of geographic distance. When diversion efforts fail, the lex specialis principle of the SPPA Law remains dominant, requiring judges to apply a sanction limit of half the maximum adult sentence contained in Article 81 paragraph (2) of the SPPA Law and prioritize the imposition of criminal actions (maatregel) through legal discovery (rechtsvinding). The results of this study emphasize the need to develop technical guidelines for digital- based restorative justice and increase the capacity of law enforcement officers in cybercrimes committed by children to optimize diversion. Keywords:

Keywords: Diversion; Restorative Justice; Defamation; Child Protection; Cyber Crime.